Step 7 Identify three products or services of your firm Estimate selling price, variable cost & CM Commentary – Contribution margins Constraints – Identify & Commentary
Your three products were spread out really well and detailed. To my knowledge your calculations add up as well, so it looks like you’re on the right track
Step 8 Calculation of ratios Ratios – commentary (blog) Calculate economic profit Commentary – drivers of economic profit
Everything was linked properly in your ratios and your blog posts were very visually appealing. I like how you put your own personality and character into your blog. It really sets your blog aside from the rest.
Step 9 Develop capital investment decision for your firm Calculation of payback period, NPV & IRR Recommendation & discussion
I agree with the decision you made, and you had a very well planned and detailed capital investment decision and your calculations appear to be correct
Overall ASS#2 Steps 7-9
Overall, I can see you have been really active on your blog and you have done a good job at presenting your assignment with detailed and educated responses
Peer Feedback Sheet: ASS#2 Step 10
Feedback From: Makayla Comelli
Feedback To: Yxin Cao
My Comments
Step 7 Identify three products or services of your firm Estimate selling price, variable cost & CM Commentary – Contribution margins Constraints – Identify & Commentary
From my understanding, your contribution margin was calculated correctly. you had a detailed discussion and made some really good points regarding your products and decision.
Step 8 Calculation of ratios Ratios – commentary (blog) Calculate economic profit Commentary – drivers of economic profit
Your spreadsheet was very well done and everything was linked properly. Your blog posts were informative and also very visually appealing which was good to see because it made it more entertaining to review. I can also see you kept active with your blog in this unit and provided a lot of useful information for everyone. Your blog was definitely one of my favourites and I actually looked at it a few times to help me with my own work.
Step 9 Develop capital investment decision for your firm Calculation of payback period, NPV & IRR Recommendation & discussion
This step was very informative and I agree with the decision you made as well. I found step 9 to be a hard step for me but you made it look so easy. You detailed and explained your reasoning behind your choice very well.
Overall ASS#2 Steps 7-9
Overall, this was one of the best assignments I have seen and I can tell you have been very active in this unit in your blog and you have also been engaging in the content very well as it has shown throughout your entire assignments.
Peer Feedback Sheet: ASS#2 Step 10
Feedback From: Makayla Comelli
Feedback To: Caitlin Yarrow
My Comments
Step 7 Identify three products or services of your firm Estimate selling price, variable cost & CM Commentary – Contribution margins Constraints – Identify & Commentary
This step was a really interesting read as the product that you chose really seemed to work and your contribution margin looks great.
Step 8 Calculation of ratios Ratios – commentary (blog) Calculate economic profit Commentary – drivers of economic profit
From my understanding your ratios seemed to work You commentary on your blog post about ratios was nice and clear
Step 9 Develop capital investment decision for your firm Calculation of payback period, NPV & IRR Recommendation & discussion
Your capital investment decision was really thought out and detailed nicely. You presented your calculations neatly and I agree with the option you chose.
Overall ASS#2 Steps 7-9
Overall I can see you have put in a lot of hard work and your assignment looks very well done.
Overall, I have learnt so much from this unit. I have learnt the key foundations of accounting, the terminology, how to analyse financial statements, how to make big decisions and budgeting and so much more. It has been a very stressful yet rewarding rollercoaster and I am glad to be nearly off of it. These last steps have been the hardest. In the beginning of the assignment I thought it would be a piece of cake and I would breeze through the whole unit but as I got towards the last 3 steps I found myself really struggling, second guessing myself and going back over all of the chapters to relearn some things. But, from this experience I feel like I have actually nailed the “6 Ways of Learning” like Martin mentioned in the beginning of the unit. I feel like I have actually taken something away from this unit that will stick with me for the rest of my career and I cannot wait to learn more!
I have been dreading this step for a long time. I found the idea of ratios and percentages very confronting and nerve-racking, but I was glad find out it was easier than I thought it would be. I found some of the videos from Maria a bit overwhelming because she goes very fast but the good thing about those videos is being able to replay certain bits in my own time and doing it that way was a lot easier to follow along. I found myself struggling and confused at times, but I am glad it is all done, and I am feeling somewhat confident in my work.
I am really glad that Maria gave us a 10% figure to follow so I did not have to waste too much time looking for a percentage in my firm.
After comparing and discussing my company with others in this unit I can see that my company does quite well with their profits over the last 4 years which is great to see. Overall, I have learnt so much from this unit. I have learnt the key foundations of accounting, the terminology, how to analyse financial statements, how to make big decisions and budgeting and so much more. It has been a very stressful yet rewarding rollercoaster and I am glad to be nearly off of it. These last steps have been the hardest. In the beginning of the assignment I thought it would be a piece of cake and I would breeze through the whole unit but as I got towards the last 3 steps I found myself really struggling, second guessing myself and going back over all of the chapters to relearn some things. But, from this experience I feel like I have actually nailed the “6 Ways of Learning” like Martin mentioned in the beginning of the unit. I feel like I have actually taken something away from this unit that will stick with me for the rest of my career and I cannot wait to learn more!
Management Consultant Group PLC (MCG) is a consulting company that provides other companies or individuals with professional services to improve their businesses and look at ways to expand their profitability. MCG provides a range of services such as:
Consulting
Where they offer a strategic plan that achieves sustainable results.
Professional Services
Where they offer a wide range of “hands on” services from supply chain planning support through to expert project management
Systems
Where they implement and support best-of-breed supply chain solutions, as well as provide other expert technical services
Training and Education
In partnership with education facilities they deliver short courses, tailored corporate training, mentoring and executive symposiums.
Benchmarking
Where they measure your business performance against best-in-class companies and industries to identify improvement opportunities.
It was difficult to choose what services I wanted to run with for my 3 products / services, so I decided to go on the 3 that I felt the most familiar with which are; Consulting, Training & Education and Benchmarking.
It was very difficult to find the prices for these services or how to even get in contact with the consultants for these services on the website. To my knowledge, prices were not disclosed so these figures are a rough estimate for the Sales Price, Variable Costs and Contribution Margin. I did take a look at the revenue on the profit and loss sheet for the year 2018 to get a rough estimate on what figures could be expected from these services.
In 2018 Management Consultant Group (PLC) made roughly 28 million pound in Revenue. I calculated that the cost of sales would be about 49.4% of the revenue.
The allocated variable rate percentage is as shown:
Consulting – 48%
Training & Education – 55%
Benchmarking – 46%
Given that the consultants would be charging clients at a charge out rate, I cannot really estimate what their charge out rate would be without knowing their qualifications. So, I am going to use the figure that I estimate they would have made from the services individually for the entire year.
Given that they made a revenue of 28 million pound I estimate that:
Contribution Margins on Management Consulting Group (PLC)
The contribution margin is the sale price of the service minus the variable cost. For MCG their variable costs vary for several reasons. I believe Training & Education would have a higher variable cost because this service would cost the company more to provide. For example: supplies, learning facilities, resources, teacher/mentors’ wages, etc. Because of the expenses being so high to provide this service, the contribution margin decreases and becomes significantly less than the other services that perhaps only provide the consultant and office expenses. Therefore, I estimated the variable cost percentage to be about 55% because it is just a little bit higher than the cost of sales being 49.4% of revenue.
I used 48% on the Consulting service because I assume that that is their biggest and most popular service and would therefore have a high percentage. Likewise, I used a 46% variable cost percentage on Benchmarking for similar reasons to consulting however, since Benchmarking is usually the next step people take after consulting. However, not everyone who seeks a management consultant goes onto benchmarking. Although I imagine it would still be a popular and useful service that people would use. Therefore, the variable cost percentage for Benchmarking is 46%
Possible Constraints
A constraint is anything that interferes with the profitability of the business.
The goal of Management Consultant Group is to provide affordable, professional and sustainable advice and expertise to companies on how to improve their profitability and take their business in the right direction. A constraint that could interfere with MCG and the profitability of their business is the employees. This is because some employees may not be competent enough to provide the services sufficiently to satisfy the customers, therefore they put the company at risk of losing clients and creating a bad reputation. The second constraint is economics. This is a constraint because if there were to be a down-turn in the market, companies may feel it is out of budget to seek advice from a management consultant company and instead try and do their best by themselves.
Discussion
I found the contribution margins easy once I figured out what my 3 products were going to be. I will not lie though I nearly had a nervous breakdown just trying to find them. My company’s website is really hard to navigate and is not very straight forward with what their aim is, their company goal or objective in any way shape or form. I ended up having to google other consultant companies to see what kind of services they provide as I found it really hard to find anything on my company’s website, but after a little bit of digging I finally found some answers. Although once I found some answers I was hit with another complication, I could not see how much the services cost and it made this part of the assignment really complicated. I kept trying to remind myself not to spend too much time on it as this part of the assignment is only worth 4 points, but I just could not let it go. I ended up having do an estimate of what I thought the company would make from that service for the whole year by looking at the revenue for the 2018 year (most relevant and recent year) and then take the percentage of cost of sales out of the revenue and base it around that. Although the figures may not be exact, I think I am still on the right track and I still demonstrated how to calculate contribution margin regardless. Once I finally got some figures to work with, the rest was easy to do as I remember reading about this in one of the chapters and I believe I may have discussed it in one of my KCQs. Although, it was relatively simple now that I have completed it and am looking back on it, I was still asking some class mates and people who have done the unit before how to complete this step and if I was on the right track because I was unsure and not very confident with the figures I came up with in the beginning. I also struggled choosing my three products/services because I did not know much about management consulting to begin with, but I also did not know what all these services were for. Fortunately for me, my dad owns a business of his own so he was a lot of help and told me all about what the services can do for a company which helped me pick my 3 services because I seemed to have more information on them after speaking to my dad. My biggest constraint with this step was making sure that I was on the right track. I was dreading doing this step but now that I have completed it, I realise it was not as bad as what I assumed it would be. I had to read the instructions for this step a lot of times and even got my dad to have a look at it to see if he had the same thoughts as me on what to do for this step.
The title for this chapter certainly intrigued me as I was not sure what to expect or what I was even in for, but I had a feeling it was going to be a chapter that really made me think… and I was right. Not knowing what to expect I already had a million questions running through my mind like what decisions are we making, why are we making them, why do I have to make them? But seeing that it was not a lengthy chapter, I was eager to get my head into the chapter and hopefully answer the questions I had.
I started reading “focusing on contribution” … my first thought was ok; I will be making decisions on where money is being contributed after a profit or something and then I saw the equation. I don’t particularly like equations because they are sometimes confusing but anyway, the equation reads “CM = S – VC” and although I am never overly thrilled to see equations, I was reassured by the text that explains the equation thoroughly by breaking it all down individually. Lucky for me, I already came across contribution margin (CM), Sales revenue (S) and Variable Cost (VC) in chapter 6 so I had a good sense of familiarity and it gave me a bit more confidence in the fact that I could understand what is going on. So, thanks to that piece of text in this chapter about contribution I now know how to calculate the contribution margin by finding out the difference between S and VC.
The next section about “Long term decisions” was really easy to comprehend and I didn’t have any questions or concerns in regard to this bit because it was all quite straight forward, it’s just about businesses making decisions that are in the best interest of the company and a decision that will be beneficial for the company in the long term.
In the next section I saw another equation and was a little bit startled as it looks like a big one. It was for account rate of return. This formula reads ARR(%) = Average net profit / Initial investment x 100. I was nervous at first just from looking at it because it looked like a formula I would need to get my head around as it was quite confronting in the beginning with the times, divides, percentages and all the rest but I was please to find how easy it was to understand. Essentially, this equation is just the average net profit divided by the initial investment which is then timed by 100.
I was at the end of the chapter before I even knew it. The chapter ended up being not at all what I was expecting but it was definitely useful and I know I will need it for my assignment so I have taken some careful notes on long term decisions and focusing on contribution and the account rate of return formula. Overall, this chapter was a good chapter to read, it was not too long and boring, it was concise and straight to the point and I came to the conclusion with not too many questions. I found a lot of the information in it valuable to the assignment that I am doing.
Step 3 Restated Statement of Changes in Equity Balance Sheet Income Statement Commentary and discussion with others (Note: you may wish to give some comments on their Excel Spreadsheet)
To my knowledge you restate financial statement was very well done, all of the cells link up correctly and you appear to have the right information in the right places. You wrote very nicely about how you tackled this part of the assignment and I related a lot to what you said. I can also see you have had a lot of commentary and discussion with others
Step 4
You had very good feedback to our peers and provided very helpful constructive criticism
Overall ASS#2 Steps 3 & 4
Overall, I think you nailed this part of the assignment and I can’t wait to see what else you do with the next few steps.
Peer Feedback Sheet: ASS#2 Step 4
Feedback From: Makayla Comelli
Feedback To: Yxin Cao
My Comments
Step 3 Restated Statement of Changes in Equity Balance Sheet Income Statement Commentary and discussion with others (Note: you may wish to give some comments on their Excel Spreadsheet)
Your restated statements were very well done and you talked very well about how you got through the task. I found your assignment really easy to read and I think you nailed this part. Your excel spreadsheet linked up properly which was good to see
Step 4
You provided really good feedback to others that was informative and valuable
Overall ASS#2 Steps 3 & 4
I think you done really well on these two steps and I can tell you have spent a lot of time on this assignment
Peer Feedback Sheet: ASS#2 Step 4
Feedback From: Makayla Comelli
Feedback To: Caitlin Yarrow
My Comments
Step 3 Restated Statement of Changes in Equity Balance Sheet Income Statement Commentary and discussion with others (Note: you may wish to give some comments on their Excel Spreadsheet)
You completed this part well and you used the right information in the right places. You provided very nicely written feedback about how you went through this task which was interesting to read. You have the excel spreadsheet right and everything seems to link up correctly
Step 4
You provided useful information to our peers and you took close attention to their work and where they could improve which I am sure those people really appreciate.
Overall ASS#2 Steps 3 & 4
Overall, I think you done really well in this part of the assignment and you have done very well in demonstrating your knowledge into the work.
I loved this chapter and it has been one of my favourites reads so far for this unit. Particularly because I love budgeting and looking at ways to save bucket loads of money in the smallest amount of time possible. This chapter actually revealed some key things about budgeting that I suppose I didn’t really recognise, like the reasons for budgeting as I have had my own thoughts on why people budget and why I choose to budget so it was nice reading and learning about how important it is to a business as well was quite interesting.
I always looked at budgeting through the perspective of an individual and not so much for a business, so it was enlightening to read the different advantages that budgeting has for businesses and how it lets everyone see the business in the overall objectives of the firm.
A part of the chapter that I particularly liked was the section on how to prepare a budget. I am constantly preparing new budgets for myself because I often times find that sometimes I create a budget for myself that is not realistic and I end up not sticking to the budget after about a month or so, because apparently saving $5,000.00 in less than 2 months on $512.32 a week is just not realistic when you have fuel, food, bills and other necessities to pay for. So, seeing the heading “preparing budgets” was a relief to me and I felt interested in reading it, not even just for the sake of the assignment but for my own personal knowledge too. Although when I see the ‘Sales and production budgets’ I quickly remembered that I was not going to necessarily get tips on how to budget as an individual, but learning about budgeting for business was still intriguing and I’ve find ways to implement business strategies into my own personal life. The equation ‘Production + Opening Inventory = Sales + Closing inventory’ I found relatively easy to comprehend. I liked the way Martin explained the different parts separately and then all together. That really helped my grasp my understanding that open inventory is how much the product they have at the beginning of the year and that product is how much is produced in this time really helps me to understand the equation.
Reading the section about ‘Budgeting for cash and income’ I honestly thought there would be more involved in this part so I was surprised to find that there was not too much to it. It did take me some time to read it but there were some pretty interesting things like the budgeted income statements and how that is pretty much just pulling together various functional budgets of the firm to form an overall statement. Again, I thought when reading ‘Budget income statements’ I thought there would be a whole lot more to go with it however I was happy and surprised to find out that that is all it was. I suppose I was a bit startled at this section of the chapter at first glance because tables with lots of numbers can be confusing and a bit intimidating at first, but by having a read of this chapter first gave the confidence and base knowledge to really understand what the table is demonstrating.
The next section ‘Responding quickly to surprises’ was a really intriguing piece of text and I actually took a lot away from it. My boyfriend’s dad is the CEO of a company and he always tells me things like what this section was based on, how companies have to respond quickly to ‘surprises’ or to any kind of tragedy or thing that could potentially harm the business and knowing how to deal with them is key. So, it was nice to read about and gain more insight so maybe next time he talks to me about it I can share some information with him. Although my boyfriend’s dad does talk a lot about how businesses run in general because he knows I am fascinated by those things, this text help me understand just how a business actually gets back on track after being surprised or hit with a curve ball as I would say. I thought it was interesting to read how businesses are better off breaking down into smaller bit so it is easier to digest the business activity and performance levels, so when something is not going right, as a business you can narrow down where the issue is coming from and work towards fixing it. I really enjoyed reading this part of the chapter as well because of how interesting it was and how easily I could comprehend and digest the information. I think I can thank my boyfriend’s dad for that too as I had a bit of background knowledge coming into this section of the text so that sense of familiarity really helped too. Overall, I really like how easy I found this chapter to read and understand, normally I have to re-read chapters and go over sentences a million times to understand what I am learning but I think because of my interest in budgeting and wanting to know more about saving money helped me understand it quicker and some of the content I already knew about thanks to my boyfriend’s dad helped me come into this chapter with a sense of familiarity.
The spreadsheet for my restated financial statements is located under the step 3 link on the Moodle website
My thoughts and advice on step 3
I found it a quite difficult but managed to feel somewhat confident in the figures I got in the end result anyway. One recommendation I have for anyone completing this unit in the future is to take the time to do nothing but sit back and watch Maria Tyler’s online video lectures where she practically lets you watch her do the assignment and you can follow along. But first I would highly recommend just putting everything down and just watching it carefully to fully engage and understanding what Maria is doing and more importantly… why. After watching, watch it again and follow along with your own spreadsheet this time. I found myself pausing a lot to catch up or do what she was doing. I was a lot slower myself if I am being honest, but I am not so much of an excel wiz myself… just yet. But by doing it this way you can actually learn by watching and gaining a base of understanding and then exercising your understanding by doing it yourself and in return gain more knowledge. This way does take longer but it makes the process a whole lot smoother and you can rest assured knowing you actually understood what you were doing in your spreadsheet. Of course, I still have my doubts and queries about the whole thing, but I think what I have done for the most part is correct.
With this chapter I found myself having to re-read some sections and really taking the time to read carefully to understand what Martin was trying to teach me. I don’t know if I am just having one of those days where my brain is a little bit foggy of if this content was actually hard to digest. None the less, I persevered and kept reading on, trying my best to grasp the content as much as I could. I feel like it seems so simple, so I don’t know why I am struggling with it so much? I suppose I am more of a visual learner not so much of a reading-type of learner. I was never one of those kids in high school who could just be told something once or read something and just understand it straight away. I guess my mind runs off into too many directions or maybe those kids are just way smarter than me ha-ha.
Although it was a bit difficult for me to comprehend in the beginning, but I did like the analogy that Martin used for cost objects, how it is like cleaning your room and how you always find where the stray things belong. This made me understand that cost objects are the different parts of a firm which managers want an understanding of their costs.
The next part that I found quite interesting was something that I have done a lit bit of at work, so the familiarity was pleasant for me. I work as a trainee accountant and lately I have been learning how to do quarterly BAS’s for our clients and when we do a BAS we run a GST Reconciliation report from 01/07/2019 to the end of the quarter we are doing (at the moment it is the end of December) and we will run 2 of those GST Reconciliation reports, one cash basis and the other accrual basis. In the beginning I was unsure about what those terms meant but from my understanding on what my co-workers have told me, cash basis shows the amount that is currently in the client’s bank and what GST has already been collected/paid. Whereas Accrual is all of the GST paid/collected even if it has not reached the clients bank account yet. To my knowledge, not many of our clients run on accrual basis. I think you would find that more in larger companies though. So being able to see accrual come up was really satisfying for me since I felt like I could apply some of my knowledge from my job into my assignments. I also had a familiarity of the word Accrual since it came up in chapter 2. According to Martin’s study accrual accounting is helping a firm arrive at their profit, this requires matching expected costs and benefits of economic activities. Well, that’s a little bit different to how I explained it and what Accrual accounting was to my knowledge, but Martin’s version gives me a deeper understanding about Accrual accounting. Maybe there’s a possibility that my knowledge of Accrual accounting may still be right but since I am referring to GST on a BAS and not Accrual accounting as a general concept for business maybe they could have different applications or meanings…. If that makes sense? Either way, reading Martin’s version of accrual accounting was still intriguing none the less and made me re-think a couple things about some of the jobs I do at work.
Some other things that were in the chapter like attaching costs to cost objects and how costs change were a little trickier to get my head around but luckily for me the diagram for attaching costs to cost objects had a diagram that was not too confronting and had text showing how to attach indirect costs and direct costs to cost objects. However, with the ‘how costs change’ re-run my head around the formulas a few times to grasp the content and I’m not too sure im confident with them yet either. Overall, I liked this chapter because it was very interesting again and it got my brain working. I like the familiarity that I had with the Accrual Accounting, but the other subjects did make that little hamster wheel in the brain of mine spin a bit.
I felt a little bit overwhelmed looking at the number of pages on this chapter. I still don’t really know if I write my KCQs right and sometimes when I read the chapters I forget to write down my questions. I feel like Martin writes so fluently and clearly; I sometimes feel like I can’t even think of a question to ask. I found this with Chapter 4 as well, it was very easy to digest and although initially the chapter was very confronting with the number of pages in it, I felt at ease when I started reading.
This unit has been one of the first units where I have been able to read text and not second guess myself and re-read it multiple times. I guess that’s the perks of having this study guide and not a textbook or journal article full of sophisticated language. I find with peer reviewed journal articles and textbooks in other units I’m constantly searching what certain words mean or rereading a piece of text multiple times and fully understand it, but Martin writes in such a way that is almost like reading a story. The way Martin explained analysing financial statements I feel more confident doing it in my assignment.
What I found quite interesting in this chapter was how equity investments are essentially created to be able to predict the future. I also found this segment of the chapter easy to read as well as I initially thought it would be a difficult thing to wrap my head around. I often times read the title and think… what the hell is that? But the way that it was put together since it made the information easier to digest.
Reading further along the chapter I came across “how firms add value” and this is where I got really confused. I saw a lot of terms in brackets and symbols that I am unfamiliar with. I done the basic “Math A” in high school. It was still OP math, but it was certainly not the top tier scientific math that all the smart kids done at school. So, I immediately felt a little bit pressured and anxious about how well I will do in the unit if I am required to know stuff from high school that I actually never done. Thankfully though, these new terms I found were not as hard as what I assumed, they would be to wrap my head around.
When reading about 4.1 View of a firm: operating and financial activities I was really impressed as I picked it up really easily. I find I am more of a visual learner than I am verbal or in writing. The table I found was easier to understand then others and the text was really straight forward.
Another thing I really appreciated was Martin using the Ryman Health Care financial statements in the chapter since it will come in super handy when I go to do my restated financial statements in my assignments. I have been told by some friends that I work with who have completed this unit before that it is not an overly complicated step but the Ryman Health Care financials will still be very valuable for me as it is something I can refer to.
I felt joyed to be at the end of this chapter as it was quite a long one, but I can say that I am really glad that I read it all the way through because I am feeling way more confident going into the next step of my assignment as it has given me so much more of an understanding on analysing my firms financial statements. There was a lot of information to absorb but by the end of the chapter I did not find it as confronting and overwhelmed as I thought I would at the start of the chapter.